A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INTERPRETATION OF QISHASH PUNISHMENT IN THE THOUGHT OF IMAM IBN ABIDIN AL-SHAMI AND IMAM MALIK

Fikrul Hanif

Abstract


This study examines the methodological and epistemological differences between Imam Malik and Ibn Abidin al-Shami regarding the method of executing qishash punishment in cases of intentional murder. This study uses a qualitative approach based on library research with comparative analysis of two primary texts: al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra by Imam Malik and Radd al-Muhtar by Ibn Abidin. The analysis was conducted using the maqashid sharia framework, covering hifz alnafs, al-‘adl, raf’ al-mafsadah, al-zajr, karamah insaniyyah, and social legitimacy of law. The epistemological approach of fiqh was used to describe how each scholar reasoned about texts, traditions, and social realities. The results of the study show that Imam Malik's opinion emphasizes substantive justice through equal punishment, while Ibn Abidin emphasizes procedural justice and protection of the dignity of the perpetrator by rejecting methods of execution that mimic brutal forms of murder. The maqashid analysis found that both views have their own strengths, but Ibn Abidin's opinion is more consistent with the principles of avoiding harm, judicial stability, and human values in the context of modern law. This study concludes that Ibn Abidin's approach is more dominant in terms of maqasid for application in a contemporary context, as it minimizes the risk of torture, guarantees procedural justice, and preserves human dignity. However, Imam Malik's opinion remains relevant as a supporting principle in understanding the concept of moral equivalence in qishash. These differences enrich the discourse of fiqh and provide a basis for the formulation of Islamic criminal law that is more contextual, proportional, and humanistic. 

Keywords


Epistemology of Fiqh, Imam Malik, Ibn Abidin, Execution of Punishment, Maqashid Sharia, Qishash

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References


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