THE ULAMA'S PARADIGM ON NUSYUZ HUSBANDS: A CLASSICAL-CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE IN REALIZING FAMILY HARMONY

Abstract

ABSTRACT        This study examines the evolving paradigm of musyuz committed by husbands, comparing the perspectives of classical and contemporary Islamic scholars in the context of promoting marital harmony. Using a normative legal approach combined with a comprehensive literature review, this study aims to: identify and compare classical and modern definitions of musuz by husbands; analyze the shift from patriarchal interpretations towards a more reciprocal and egalitarian understanding; and formulate an Islamic framework that reinforces justice, mutual respect, and well-being in marital relationships Findings show that classical scholars such as Ibn Qudamah and Imam Nawawi defined nusyuz husband as actions that cause darat (harm) or (drür (violence or neglect), emphasizing legal mechanisms to protect wives from injustice în contrast, contemporary scholars such as Fauthuddin Abdul Kodir and Siti Musdah Mulia reinterpret quouz, through the framework of aukadalah. highlighting shared responsibility, emotional well-being, and gender-balanced ethics. This paradigm shift reflects a broader movement in Islamic family low towards inclusivity and gender justice, in line with modern human rights principles and contemporary socio-cultural realities. The study concludes that gender sensitive reforms rooted in Islamic values particularly maslahab, justice, and human dignity are essential for fostering harmonious, respectful, and violence-free marital relationships. Such reforms ensure that the interpretation of nugyug, remains adaptive and relevant to the evolving needs of Muslim families today.