Typology of Religious Attitudes in the Qur'anic Perspective: Exclusivism, Inclusivism, and Pluralism for Interfaith Harmony

Misbahul Munir, Hidayatul Azizah Gazali, Jarudin Jarudin, Sefri Auliya

Abstract


This study examines the typology of religious attitudes—exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism—from the perspective of the Qur'an as a theological foundation for fostering interreligious harmony in Indonesia. As a multicultural country, Indonesia faces significant challenges in managing religious diversity, which often becomes a source of social conflict. Using a literature review method with a qualitative approach, this study analyzes relevant Qur'anic verses and interpretations to explore Islam's perspective on interreligious relations. The findings indicate that exclusivism strengthens religious identity and theological conviction but may hinder interfaith interaction if applied rigidly. Inclusivism opens space for dialogue by recognizing the values of truth in other religions. Meanwhile, pluralism emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and celebrating diversity as part of the divine order (sunnatullah). The Qur'anic perspective provides a foundation for a moderate approach that balances these three typologies to create social harmony. This study recommends integrating the values of inclusivism and pluralism into religious education, interfaith dialogue, and public policy to support peaceful coexistence. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to strengthening social harmony amid Indonesia’s diverse society.


Keywords


Qur'an, exclusivism, inclusivism, interreligious harmony, interfaith, pluralism

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v28i1.10928

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