Al-Qur'an and an Alternative-Persuasive Narrative For Virtual Counter-Narratives

Faizin Faizin, Muslim Muslim, Rafi Dinilhaq

Abstract


This paper aims to strengthen the counter-narrative strategy in cyberspace deradicalization, especially the production of persuasive alternative narrative content by making the universal values of the verses of the Koran the source. This paper also discusses universal values for online deradicalization. The slow process of world deradicalization makes propaganda narratives run rampant and cases of radicalism are rampant. This is more due to the weak content of counter-narratives and alternative narratives in online media. To explore the universal value of the verses of the Koran which will be used as the main narrative, a semantic approach to the Koran is used and validated by Schwartz's value theory. The results of this study show that peace verses have complex universal values. Theoretically, the values of peace are classified based on their fulfillment of the six value theories: beliefs, goals, specifics, standards and criteria, relative priorities, and guiding action. These values can be used as the basis for the production of persuasive alternative narratives in cyberspace by considering the dimensions of factuality (narratives that match reality), plausibility (cognitive acceptance that matches the knowledge of the recipient of the message), and consistency (narrative elements that are coherent, quality, reasonable and argumentative).

Keywords


Al-Qur'an, Alternative Narrative, Persuasion, Counter-Narrative, Virtual World

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References


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Al-Isfahani, Raghib. Al-Mufradat Fi Garib Al-Qur’an. Bairut: Darul Qalam, 1998.

———. Mufradât Alfâz Al-Qur’ân. Dimasyq: Dar al-Ilmi, 2002.

Al-Thabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir. Jāmi’u Al-Bayān Fī Ta`wīli Al-Qur`ān. Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1992.

Algoe, Sara B., and Ruixue Zhaoyang. “Positive Psychology in Context: Effects of Expressing Gratitude in Ongoing Relationships Depend on Perceptions of Enactor Responsiveness.” J Posit Psychol 11, no. 4 (2016): 399–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1117131.Positive.

Ali, Rami, Özgür Özvatan, and Linda Walter. “The Narrative Foundations of Radical and Deradicalizing Online Discursive Spaces: A Comparison of the Cases of Generation Islam and Jamal Al-Khatib in Germany.” Religions 14, no. 2 (2023): 167.

Bakti, Agus Surya. Deradikalisasi Dunia Maya: Mencegah Simbiosis Terorisme Dan Media. Jakarta: Daulat Press, 2016.

Baqi, Muhammad Fuad Abdul. Al-Mujam Al-Mufahras Li Alfâzh Al-Quran Al-Karîm. Bairut: Dar al-Fikr, 1981.

Bergquist, Magnus, and Jan Ljungberg. “The Power of Gifts: Organizing Social Relationships in Open Source Communities.” Information Systems Journal 11, no. 4 (2001): 305–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x.

Bilazarian, Talene. “Countering Violent Extremist Narratives Online: Lessons from Offline Countering Violent Extremism.” Policy & Internet 12, no. 1 (2020): 46–65.

Braddock, K. “The Talking Cure? Communication and Psychological Impact In Prison De-Radicalization Programs.” In Prison, Terrorism And Extremism: Critical Issues In Management, Radicalization And Reform., edited by Andrew Silke. London: Routledge, 2014.

Carthy, Sarah L., Colm B. Doody, Katie Cox, Denis O’Hora, and Kiran M. Sarma. “Counter‐narratives for the Prevention of Violent Radicalisation A Systematic.Pdf.” Campbell Systematic Reviews 16, no. e1106 (2020).

Cho, Hyunyi, Lijiang Shen, and Kari Wilson. “Perceived Realism: Dimensions and Roles in Narrative Persuasion.” Communication Research 41, no. 6 (2013): 828–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212450585.

Clementson, David E. “Narrative Persuasion, Identification, Attitudes, and Trustworthiness in Crisis Communication.” Public Relations Review 46, no. 2 (2020): 101889.

Connell, Louise, and Mark T. Keane. “A Model of Plausibility.” Cognitive Science 30, no. 1 (2006): 95–120. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_53.

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Frischlich, Lena, Diana Rieger, Anna Morten, and Gary Bente. “The Power of a Good Story: Narrative Persuasion in Extremist Propaganda and Videos against Violent Extremism.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence 12 (2018): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.644.

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Hamby, Anne, David Brinberg, and James Jaccard. “A Conceptual Framework of Narrative Persuasion.” Journal of Media Psychology 30, no. 3 (2018): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000187.

Hoeken, Hans, and Karin M. Fikkers. “Issue-Relevant Thinking and Identification as Mechanisms of Narrative Persuasion.” Poetics 44, no. June 2021 (2014): 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2014.05.001.

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Humă, Bogdana. “Language and Persuasion: A Discursive Psychological Approach.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2023, e12755.

Izutsu, Toshihiko. God and Man In The Qur’an: Semantics of The Qur’anic Weltanschauung. Second rep. Malaysia: Islamic Book Trust, 2008.

Koehler, Daniel. Understanding Deradicalization: Methods, Tools and Programs for Countering Violent Extremism. Oxon: Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315649566.

Kreuter, Matthew W., Melanie C. Green, Joseph N. Cappella, Michael D. Slater, Meg E. Wise, Doug Storey, Eddie M. Clark, et al. “Narrative Communication in Cancer Prevention and Control: A Framework to Guide Research and Application.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 33, no. 3 (2007): 221–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879904.

Latour, Agata de, Nina Perger, Ron Salag, Claudio Tocchi, and Paloma Viejo Otero. We Can!: Taking Action against Hate Speech through Counter and Alternative Narratives (Revised Edition). Council of Europe, 2017.

Mazzocco, Philip J., and Melanie C. Green. “Narrative Persuasion in Legal Settings: What’s the Story?” The Jury EXPERT 23, no. 3 (2011): 27–38. http://www.unc.edu/~mcgreen/.

McAdams, Dan P. “The Problem of Narrative Coherence.” Journal of Constructivist Psychology 19, no. 2 (2006): 109–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720530500508720.

McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. “Reading the Qur’ān with Fidelity and Freedom.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 73, no. 3 (2005): 615–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfi072.

———. Texts and Studies on the Qurʾān. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Nabi, Robin L., and Melanie C. Green. “The Role of a Narrative’s Emotional Flow in Promoting Persuasive Outcomes.” Media Psychology 18, no. 2 (2015): 137–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2014.912585.

Rasyid Ridha, Ridha. Tafsir Al-Manar. Kairo: Dar al-Manar, n.d.

Rustandi, Ridwan, and Khoiruddin Muchtar. “Analisis Framing Kontra Narasi Terorisme Dan Radikalisme Di Media Sosial (Studi Kasus Pada Akun @dutadamaijabar).” Jurnal Komunikatif 9, no. 2 (2020): 134–53. https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v9i2.2698.

Rusydi, A M, and Mhd Idris. “Interpretation Of Al-Qur’an In The Disruption Era: Reversing Roles Of Ulum Al-Qur’an.” Jurnal Ulunnuha 9, no. 1 (2020): 93–102.

Schlegel, Linda. “Storytelling against Extremism : How Fiction Could Increase the Persuasive Impact of Counter-and Alternative Narratives in P / CVE.” Journal for Deradicalization, no. 27 (2021).

———. “Storytelling against Extremism: How Fiction Could Increase the Persuasive Impact of Counter-and Alternative Narratives in P/CVE.” Journal for Deradicalization, no. 27 (2021): 193–237.

Schwartz, Shalom H. “An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values.” Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 2, no. 1 (2012): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116.

Setia, Paelani, and Mochamad Ziaul Haq. “Countering Radicalism in Social Media by Campaigning for Religious Moderation.” Focus 4, no. 1 (2023): 13–24.

Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Mishbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Quran. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002.

Ummah, Athik Hidayatul. “Digital Media and Counter-Narrativeof Radicalism.” Jurnal Theologia 31, no. 2 (2020): 233–56.

Abdullah, S. Dinar Annisa, and Samudera Alfatra. “Narration of Islamic Moderation: Counter over Negative Content on Social Media.” Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 4, no. 2 (2019): 153–65. https://doi.org/10.18326/mlt.v4i2.153-165.

Al-Isfahani, Raghib. Al-Mufradat Fi Garib Al-Qur’an. Bairut: Darul Qalam, 1998.

———. Mufradât Alfâz Al-Qur’ân. Dimasyq: Dar al-Ilmi, 2002.

Al-Thabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir. Jāmi’u Al-Bayān Fī Ta`wīli Al-Qur`ān. Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1992.

Algoe, Sara B., and Ruixue Zhaoyang. “Positive Psychology in Context: Effects of Expressing Gratitude in Ongoing Relationships Depend on Perceptions of Enactor Responsiveness.” J Posit Psychol 11, no. 4 (2016): 399–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1117131.Positive.

Ali, Rami, Özgür Özvatan, and Linda Walter. “The Narrative Foundations of Radical and Deradicalizing Online Discursive Spaces: A Comparison of the Cases of Generation Islam and Jamal Al-Khatib in Germany.” Religions 14, no. 2 (2023): 167.

Bakti, Agus Surya. Deradikalisasi Dunia Maya: Mencegah Simbiosis Terorisme Dan Media. Jakarta: Daulat Press, 2016.

Baqi, Muhammad Fuad Abdul. Al-Mujam Al-Mufahras Li Alfâzh Al-Quran Al-Karîm. Bairut: Dar al-Fikr, 1981.

Bergquist, Magnus, and Jan Ljungberg. “The Power of Gifts: Organizing Social Relationships in Open Source Communities.” Information Systems Journal 11, no. 4 (2001): 305–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x.

Bilazarian, Talene. “Countering Violent Extremist Narratives Online: Lessons from Offline Countering Violent Extremism.” Policy & Internet 12, no. 1 (2020): 46–65.

Braddock, K. “The Talking Cure? Communication and Psychological Impact In Prison De-Radicalization Programs.” In Prison, Terrorism And Extremism: Critical Issues In Management, Radicalization And Reform., edited by Andrew Silke. London: Routledge, 2014.

Carthy, Sarah L., Colm B. Doody, Katie Cox, Denis O’Hora, and Kiran M. Sarma. “Counter‐narratives for the Prevention of Violent Radicalisation A Systematic.Pdf.” Campbell Systematic Reviews 16, no. e1106 (2020).

Cho, Hyunyi, Lijiang Shen, and Kari Wilson. “Perceived Realism: Dimensions and Roles in Narrative Persuasion.” Communication Research 41, no. 6 (2013): 828–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212450585.

Clementson, David E. “Narrative Persuasion, Identification, Attitudes, and Trustworthiness in Crisis Communication.” Public Relations Review 46, no. 2 (2020): 101889.

Connell, Louise, and Mark T. Keane. “A Model of Plausibility.” Cognitive Science 30, no. 1 (2006): 95–120. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_53.

Eerten, Jan-Jaap Van, Bertjan Doosje, Elly Konijn, B A de Graaf, and Mariëlle de Goede. “Developing a Social Media Response to Radicalization: The Role of Counter-Narratives in Prevention of Radicalization and de-Radicalization,” 2017.

Fāris, Abū al-Ḥusain Ahmad, Ibn Zakariya Ibn. Maqāyīs Al-Lughah. Bairut: Dar al-Fikr, 1979.

Frischlich, Lena, Diana Rieger, Anna Morten, and Gary Bente. “The Power of a Good Story: Narrative Persuasion in Extremist Propaganda and Videos against Violent Extremism.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence 12 (2018): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.644.

Gillespie, Tarleton. Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. London: Yale University Press, 2018.

Hamby, Anne, David Brinberg, and James Jaccard. “A Conceptual Framework of Narrative Persuasion.” Journal of Media Psychology 30, no. 3 (2018): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000187.

Hoeken, Hans, and Karin M. Fikkers. “Issue-Relevant Thinking and Identification as Mechanisms of Narrative Persuasion.” Poetics 44, no. June 2021 (2014): 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2014.05.001.

Homolar, Alexandra, and Pablo A. Rodríguez-Merino. “Making Sense of Terrorism: A Narrative Approach to the Study of Violent Events.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 12, no. 4 (2019): 561–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2019.1585150.

Hude, M D, and F Faizin. “Fondasi Psikologi Positif Qur’Ani: Character Strengths Dan Virtue Dalam Tinjauan Psikologi Positif Dan Al-Qur’an.” Al-Qalb: Jurnal Psikologi Islam 11, no. 2 (2020): 67–83. https://ejournal.uinib.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/alqalb/article/view/1270.

Humă, Bogdana. “Language and Persuasion: A Discursive Psychological Approach.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2023, e12755.

Izutsu, Toshihiko. God and Man In The Qur’an: Semantics of The Qur’anic Weltanschauung. Second rep. Malaysia: Islamic Book Trust, 2008.

Koehler, Daniel. Understanding Deradicalization: Methods, Tools and Programs for Countering Violent Extremism. Oxon: Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315649566.

Kreuter, Matthew W., Melanie C. Green, Joseph N. Cappella, Michael D. Slater, Meg E. Wise, Doug Storey, Eddie M. Clark, et al. “Narrative Communication in Cancer Prevention and Control: A Framework to Guide Research and Application.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 33, no. 3 (2007): 221–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879904.

Latour, Agata de, Nina Perger, Ron Salag, Claudio Tocchi, and Paloma Viejo Otero. We Can!: Taking Action against Hate Speech through Counter and Alternative Narratives (Revised Edition). Council of Europe, 2017.

Mazzocco, Philip J., and Melanie C. Green. “Narrative Persuasion in Legal Settings: What’s the Story?” The Jury EXPERT 23, no. 3 (2011): 27–38. http://www.unc.edu/~mcgreen/.

McAdams, Dan P. “The Problem of Narrative Coherence.” Journal of Constructivist Psychology 19, no. 2 (2006): 109–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720530500508720.

McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. “Reading the Qur’ān with Fidelity and Freedom.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 73, no. 3 (2005): 615–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfi072.

———. Texts and Studies on the Qurʾān. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Nabi, Robin L., and Melanie C. Green. “The Role of a Narrative’s Emotional Flow in Promoting Persuasive Outcomes.” Media Psychology 18, no. 2 (2015): 137–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2014.912585.

Rasyid Ridha, Ridha. Tafsir Al-Manar. Kairo: Dar al-Manar, n.d.

Rustandi, Ridwan, and Khoiruddin Muchtar. “Analisis Framing Kontra Narasi Terorisme Dan Radikalisme Di Media Sosial (Studi Kasus Pada Akun @dutadamaijabar).” Jurnal Komunikatif 9, no. 2 (2020): 134–53. https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v9i2.2698.

Rusydi, A M, and Mhd Idris. “Interpretation Of Al-Qur’an In The Disruption Era: Reversing Roles Of Ulum Al-Qur’an.” Jurnal Ulunnuha 9, no. 1 (2020): 93–102.

Schlegel, Linda. “Storytelling against Extremism : How Fiction Could Increase the Persuasive Impact of Counter-and Alternative Narratives in P / CVE.” Journal for Deradicalization, no. 27 (2021).

———. “Storytelling against Extremism: How Fiction Could Increase the Persuasive Impact of Counter-and Alternative Narratives in P/CVE.” Journal for Deradicalization, no. 27 (2021): 193–237.

Schwartz, Shalom H. “An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values.” Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 2, no. 1 (2012): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116.

Setia, Paelani, and Mochamad Ziaul Haq. “Countering Radicalism in Social Media by Campaigning for Religious Moderation.” Focus 4, no. 1 (2023): 13–24.

Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Mishbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Quran. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002.

Ummah, Athik Hidayatul. “Digital Media and Counter-Narrativeof Radicalism.” Jurnal Theologia 31, no. 2 (2020): 233–56.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/ju.v12i1.6605

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Prodi Ilmu Al-Qur`an dan Tafsir, Fakultas Ushuluddin Dan Studi Agama, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Jl. Sungai Bangek, Kel. Balai Gadang, Kec. Koto Tangah. 
Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, 25171
E-mail: jurnal-ulunnuha@uinib.ac.id


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.