COMPARATIVE FATWAS ON ABORTION IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE: A STUDY OF LEGAL REASONING IN INDONESIA, EGYPT, SAUDI ARABIA, AND PAKISTAN

Ahmad Fauzi, Deri Eka Putra

Abstract


This study examines the development of contemporary fatwas on abortion in Muslim-majority countries and explores how juristic reasoning has evolved in response to modern medical, ethical, and socio-legal challenges. Although abortion has long been addressed in classical fiqh, significant gaps remain regarding its application to contemporary contexts, particularly involving cases of rape, severe fetal abnormalities, and threats to maternal health. This study employs a qualitative library-based method by analyzing fatwas issued by authoritative institutions such as Al-Azhar, the International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Dar al-Ifta’, and national fatwa councils. Data were collected through document analysis and validated through source triangulation to ensure accuracy and consistency. The findings show that contemporary fatwas demonstrate a shift from absolute prohibition toward conditional permissibility based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, especially the protection of life, dignity, and lineage. Fatwa institutions increasingly incorporate medical expertise and human rights considerations, resulting in more contextual and socially responsive legal formulations. This study concludes that the development of abortion fatwas reflects the dynamic interaction between classical jurisprudence and contemporary realities, contributing to a more adaptive framework for Islamic legal decision-making in the modern era.

Keywords


fatwa, abortion, contemporary fiqh, Muslim-majority countries, maqasid al-sharia

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References


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