Multikulturalisme dan Implikasinya dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar

Ade Putra Hayat, Dertha Mukhtar, Junaidi Junaidi

Abstract


Masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk menuntut Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Sekolah Dasar mampu menanamkan penghargaan terhadap keberagaman sekaligus mempertahankan identitas keislaman siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan kajian literatur integratif untuk menganalisis sejauh mana teori multikulturalisme dibahas dalam literatur PAI SD, bentuk penerapannya, serta implikasinya terhadap pembentukan budaya akademik sekolah. Menggunakan pendekatan integrative literature review dengan analisis tematik, kajian ini mensintesis literatur yang relevan mengenai integrasi nilai multikultural dalam PAI di tingkat sekolah dasar dan madrasah ibtidaiyah di Indonesia. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa pembahasan teori multikulturalisme, khususnya kerangka James A. Banks, masih dominan bersifat implisit melalui penekanan pada toleransi dan moderasi beragama. Penerapan paling berkembang pada level integrasi konten kurikulum dan metode Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), sementara kontribusi terhadap transformasi budaya akademik sekolah secara institusional masih terbatas. Terdapat ketegangan antara risiko relativisme agama akibat pendekatan yang terlalu longgar dan risiko eksklusivisme yang membuat siswa kurang siap menghadapi masyarakat majemuk. Perbedaan konteks antara SD umum dan SDIT/MI juga menjadi edge case yang memengaruhi strategi integrasi. Sebagai kontribusi orisinal, penelitian ini mengusulkan Kerangka Konseptual Integrasi Tiga Lapis PAI–Multikultural–Budaya Akademik yang terdiri dari: (1) Lapis Inti (Tauhid dan Tiga Pilar PAI), (2) Lapis Tengah (adaptasi lima dimensi Banks yang di-Islamisasi), dan (3) Lapis Luar (elemen budaya akademik). Kerangka ini dirancang untuk memastikan integrasi multikultural tetap berakar pada akidah sekaligus mentransformasi school culture secara holistik. Implikasi praktis ditujukan bagi guru PAI, kepala sekolah, dan perumus kebijakan dalam mengembangkan pendidikan multikultural Islami yang moderat dan inklusif di tingkat dasar.

Keywords


Multikulturalisme, Pendidikan Agama Islam, Sekolah dasar, Budaya akademik

References


Abdullah, M. (2019). School Culture to Serve Performance of Madrasah in Indonesia. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies). https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v7i1.4809

Abdulloh, I., Nurdiyansah, R., Juwita, R., & Selamet, S. (2026). Inclusive Islamic Religious Education for Multicultural Elementary School Contexts. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v10i1.1785

Elsbach, K., & Knippenberg, D. (2020). Creating High‐Impact Literature Reviews: An Argument for ‘Integrative Reviews’. Journal of Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12581

Fan, D., Breslin, D., Callahan, J., & Iszatt‐White, M. (2022). Advancing literature review methodology through rigour, generativity, scope and transparency. International Journal of Management Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12291

Fausi, A. (2020). IMPLEMENTING MULTICULTURAL VALUES OF STUDENTS THROUGH RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ISLAMIC GLOBAL SCHOOL MALANG CITY. 2, 62-79. https://doi.org/10.47006/ijierm.v2i1.32

Fuadi, A., & Suyatno, S. (2020). Integration of Nationalistic and Religious Values in Islamic Education: Study in Integrated Islamic School. 1, 555-570. https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.108

Habibulloh, M. (2024). The Role of Islamic Education in Building Interreligious Tolerance in Indonesia. International Journal of Education Management and Religion. https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.103

Hakim, L., & Muhid, A. (2025). Inclusive Islamic Religious Education In Shaping Students’ Religious Tolerance In Multicultural-Based Schools. Fikroh: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.37812/fikroh.v18i1.1771

Hakim, M. I. N., Solihah, K. Z., Ismail, F., Salim, A., & Prasetiyo, N. T. (2024). Optimizing the Merdeka Curriculum for Developing the Pancasila Student Profile through Project-Based Learning. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i4.1396

Husnaini, M., Victorynie, I., & Amili, N. (2020). Model of religious character education: A case study in Al-Hilal Islamic Primary School Bekasi, Indonesia. Journal of Systems and Software, 16, 103-120. https://doi.org/10.21831/jss.v16i2.34706

Irham, I. (2018). Islamic Education at Multicultural Schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3, 141-154. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v3i2.1448

Jayadi, K., Abduh, A., & Basri, M. (2022). A meta-analysis of multicultural education paradigm in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08828

Jufri, D., Wardah, S., & Das, H. (2024). The Nature of Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Perspective on Islamic Education. Harmony Philosophy: International Journal of Islamic Religious Studies and Sharia. https://doi.org/10.70062/harmonyphilosophy.v1i4.26

Juntunen, M., & Lehenkari, M. (2019). A narrative literature review process for an academic business research thesis. Studies in Higher Education, 46, 330-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1630813

Kholida, S., Niam, S., Qomar, M., & Adiyono, A. (2025). Multicultural Education from an Islamic Perspective: Building Intercultural Tolerance in Indonesian Primary Schools. Al-Adzka: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. https://doi.org/10.18592/aladzkapgmi.v15i2.18244

Latif, M., & Hafid, E. (2021). multicultural attitudes in an Islamic boarding school of South Sulawesi – Indonesia. Cogent Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2021.1968736

Lestari, P. C. A. (2024). Educating for Tolerance: Multicultural Approaches in Islamic Religious Education. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v2i2.602

Marzuki, M., Miftahuddin, M., & Murdiono, M. (2020). MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SALAF PESANTREN AND PREVENTION OF RELIGIOUS RADICALISM IN INDONESIA. 39, 12-25. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.22900

Mas’ud, A., Fuad, A., & Zaini, A. (2019). EVOLUTION AND ORIENTATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA. JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2019.13.1.21-49

Muhajir, A. a., Naim, N., Fitri, A. Z., & Safi’i, A. (2020). Approach to the Development of Multicultural Education Curriculum in Darul Hikmah Modern Islamic Boarding School Tulungagung, Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080520

Muhajir, M., Kultsum, U., Choiri, M. M., Mustonah, S., Kulkarni, H., & Karim, A. (2025). Integrating Multicultural Values to Foster Tolerance and Inclusivity in Islamic Religious Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v11i1.44607

Munastiwi, E., & Marfuah, M. (2019). Islamic Education in Indonesia and Malaysia: Comparison of Islamic Education Learning Management Implementation. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2019.81.1-26

Musyarrofi, W. A., & Rofiq, M. (2025). Implementation of Multicultural Islamic Education Values in Schools in Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Education, Language, Literature, Arts, Culture, and Social Humanities. https://doi.org/10.59024/ijellacush.v3i2.1405

Nasir, M. (2020). Curriculum Development and Accreditation Standards in the Traditional Islamic Schools in Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2020.3

Noor, A., Sonedi, Azman, M. N. A., Khunaifi, A., Dwiningrum, S., & Haryanto, D. (2021). The Multicultural Education Paradigm Pattern: A Case Study in Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. Perspectives of Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.4.19

Raihani, R. (2018). Education for multicultural citizens in Indonesia: policies and practices. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 48, 1009-1992. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1399250

Risana, F., Nasor, N., & Syafe’i, I. (2025). Relasi Guru PAI dan Harmonisasi Lingkungan Sekolah Berbasis Nilai Keberagaman. Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.55606/khatulistiwa.v5i4.9590

Rosanti, C., Murtyaningsih, R., & Nurhartanto, A. (2025). HUMANIST AND MULTICULTURAL ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING MODELS. JURNAL PEDAGOGY. https://doi.org/10.63889/pedagogy.v18i1.252

Setiana, S., & Eliasa, E. I. (2024). Karakteristik Perkembangan Fisik, Kognitif, Emosi Sosial, dan Moral Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar (7-12 Tahun). Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE). https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v4i6.1742

Siddik, M. F., Qorib, M., & Lubis, R. R. (2025). Integration of Multicultural Values in Islamic Education Learning at Schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i1.2646

Subandi, S., Fauzan, A., Afriyadi, M. M., & Ramli, M. (2019). Implementation of Multicultural and Moderate Islamic Education at the Elementary Schools in Shaping the Nationalism. 4, 247-255. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v4i2.5003

Sukhera, J. (2022). Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical. Journal of graduate medical education, 14 4, 414-417. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-22-00480.1

Suradi, A. (2018). The Development of Oriented on Multicultural Islamic Religious Education in School. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn). https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.8679

Tolchah, M., & Mu’ammar, M. (2019). ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA; CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CONTRIBUTION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN INDONESIA. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74141

Umamah, C., Sari, D. R., Imaduddin, M., Ilyas, A., & Abidin, Z. (2025). Strengthening Inclusivity Through Multicultural Islamic Education in Secondary Schools: A Qualitative Literature Analysis. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET). https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i2.775

Victorynie, I., Husnaini, M., & Amili, N. (2020). Model of religious character education: A case study in Al-Hilal Islamic Primary School Bekasi, Indonesia. Journal of Social Studies (JSS), 16(2), 103-120.

Yanto, M. (2020). Manajemen kepala Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam menumbuhkan pendidikan karakter religius pada era digital. 8, 176-183. https://doi.org/10.29210/146300

Zuhdi, M. (2018). Challenging Moderate Muslims: Indonesia’s Muslim Schools in the Midst of Religious Conservatism. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9100310




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/alawlad.v16i1.14217

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Putra Hayat, Dertha Mukhtar, Junaidi Junaidi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.