Analisis Lahjah Mandailing dalam Mempengaruhi Pengucapan Bahasa Arab Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab

Abstract

This study examines Mandailing dialect interference in the pronunciation of Arabic consonants (huruf hijaiyah) in the speaking skill (maharah al-kalam) of students in the Arabic Language Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat. The study is grounded in the assumption that structural differences between the Mandailing phonological system and Arabic trigger negative transfer in learners’ spoken production. A descriptive qualitative design with data triangulation was employed. Data were collected through participant observation of speaking activities, semi-structured interviews with 15 native Mandailing-speaking students, and audio recordings analyzed acoustically using Praat. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings show that Mandailing dialect interference in Arabic speaking is pervasive and systematic: 13 of 15 participants (86.7%) exhibited at least one type of phonological interference. The most salient patterns are the substitution of /ق/ with /k/ and /خ/ with /h/, accompanied by a tendency to realize the interdental consonants ذ and ث as /d/ or /s/. Frequency analysis indicates that 12 participants (80.0%) produced /ق/→/k/ with 48 occurrences, 10 participants (66.7%) produced /خ/→/h/ with 41 occurrences, and 9 participants (60.0%) displayed both patterns. Triangulated observational, interview, and acoustic data confirm that these interferences are driven by the dominance of the first-language phonological system, the spontaneous nature of speaking which reduces articulatory monitoring, and an instructional emphasis on reading (qirā’ah) rather than articulation-focused speaking practice.